Ganga Chakala

a) Punctuationb) Braille Transcription a) Braille Punctuation Punctuation in Braille serves the same purpose as in print. Common Braille Punctuation MarksPeriod (.): dots 2-5-6Example: I go to school. ⠊⠀⠛⠕⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠉⠓⠕⠕⠇⠲ Question mark (?): dots 2-3-6Example: What is your name?⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠽⠕⠥⠗⠀⠝⠁⠍⠑⠦ Exclamation mark (!): dots 2-3-5Example: Wow!. Wonderful scenery.⠺⠕⠺⠖⠲⠀⠺⠕⠝⠙⠑⠗⠋⠥⠇⠀⠎⠉⠑⠝⠑⠗⠽⠲ Semicolon (;): dots 2-3Example: I have test tomorrow; I need

Print Abbreviation There are many print abbreviations, for example ‘Mr.’, ‘Dr.’, ‘a.m.’, ‘p.m.’ and many more. While transcribing those print abbreviations into Braille, one follows the exact print format in terms of maintaining the order, spacing and capitalization. Note :a) If the abbreviations are printed with full stops, the Grade1 indicator (dots 5-6) is not

Capitalization In this unit, under Grade 2 Braille, the lesson section covers a special “indicator” dot 6, that is used to denote a capital letter in a word. This special indicator dot for capitalization of any letter is placed immediately before the letter.  Note the Braille format given below: Dot 6 is the indicator. Example 1:R

Shortform In Grade 2 Braille, shortform contractions imply abbreviations, which are single-cell or multi-cell representations of common words omitting vowels. This is also known as shortform. There are 76 shortforms used in Grade 2 Braille, which largely saves space and increases reading speed. Example:The word ‘about’ is abbreviated with two letters as ‘ab’. Similarly, the

Groupsigns In this unit, the lesson covers groupsigns in Grade 2 Braille. Groupsigns are of 4 categories, which include Strong Groupsigns, Lower Groupsigns, Beginning Word Groupsigns and End word Groupsigns. Groupsigns are used to represent common letter combinations or whole words. The categorization is based on their position and dot configuration.  Let us discuss each

a) Final letter with Dots 4-6 b) Final letter with Dots 5-6 In this unit, the lesson covers usage of the braille sign of the final letter of specific words in combination with dots 4-6 or 5-6 to abbreviate that word.  This unit is divided into two lesson sections:Section ‘a’ deals with cases where the final

a) Initial Letter with Dot 5b) Initial Letter with Dot 4 – 5 a ) Initial Letter with Dot 5 This section of the unit covers initial letter contractions with ‘dot 5’. These contractions are made of two consecutive Braille cells. Here, ‘dot 5’ in the first Braille cell serves as an indicator of a

a) One – Cell Whole Word Contraction b) Strong Word In Grade 2 Braille ,This unit covers Braille signs for two aspects of contractions. The first one, deals with “one-cell whole word” contractions. In the second section, the lesson relates to abbreviations of some common words. a) One-cell whole word Braille Contraction In English Braille, some

Grade 2 – Braille Contracted Grade 2 Braille Contracted Grade 2 Braille is the contracted or abbreviated form of Unified English Braille. In the Grade 2 Braille system, there are about 250 contractions, abbreviations and word signs to replace common letter combinations. Using contractions makes Braille reading and writing easier, saves pages and increases speedy

Grade 1 Alphabet (u,v,x,y,z and w) Grade 1 Alphabets (u,v,x,y,z and w) As you learnt in unit 5, the letters (u,v,x,y,z and w) of the alphabet are formed by adding dot 3 and dot 6 to each of the letter (u,v,x,y,z and w) Let us learn words in Grade1 Braille words, with all the alphabets