Learning Outcome

Recognises, reads, forms, and writes number names and numerals up to 500 using the place value concept.

Objective

Children will be able to count, read, and write number names from 100 to 500.

Prerequisites

• Children can say aloud the numbers up to 500.
• Children can write the numbers from 1 to 99.
• The teacher can have a simple check for understanding at the beginning of the lesson by asking the children to see and say aloud the numbers by showing flashcards.

Pre-teach Vocabulary

 Children should be familiar with the terms such as add, plus, equal to, places, after, and before.

Introduction

• The teacher could begin by reviewing the reading of number names from 1 to 99 with the class.
• Children will sit in a circle. One child will have a ball. The teacher will play a piece of music, and the children will pass the ball to the child sitting next to him or her. When the teacher stops the music, they have to stop passing the ball, and the one who has the ball will be asked the question by showing the flashcard with a number name. Once the child identifies and writes the number in the note book or on the blackboard, the music will be played again to pass the ball, and the same procedure is repeated.
• Another variation can be brought in by showing the flashcard with the number and asking the child to write the number name in their notebook or on the blackboard.

Read and write the numbers:

Materials required:

• Flashcards with the number names from 1 to 500
• Abacus
• A ball
• Recorded music
• Notebook

I Do (Teacher Models)

1. Show a large demonstration abacus or display a digital abacus if available.
2. Introduce the structure: ‘Each rod stands for a place—this one is Hundreds, this one is Tens, and this one is Ones.’
3. Take a number card (e.g., 243) and say the number aloud.
4. Model placing the beads:
   • Slide 2 beads on the hundreds rod
   • 4 beads on the tens rod
   • 3 beads on the ones rod
5. Ask, ‘Which digit is in the hundreds place?’ (Prompt the children to answer.)
6. Show how to write the number that matches the abacus (243) on the board.
7. Repeat with one more number (e.g., 305) and emphasize the empty tens rod: ‘What does it mean if there are no beads here?’

We Do (Guided Practice)

1. Pick a number card (e.g., 176) and show it to the class.
2. Ask guiding questions to lead the children through place value understanding:
   • ‘How many beads should we place on the hundreds rod?’
   • ‘Which rod will get 7 beads?’
   • ‘What does the 6 in 176 mean?’
3. Invite children to come up and build the number with you using the classroom abacus.
4. As a class, read the number aloud together.
5. Write the number on the board and double-check bead placement.

You Do (Independent/Group Practice)

1. Distribute abacuses or bead boards to each child or group.
2. Give each pair or group a number card (between 100 and 500).
   Ask them to:
   • Build the number on the abacus
   • Read it aloud
   • Write it on the whiteboard/blackboard or in their notebooks.
3. Rotate among the groups, asking questions such as:
   • Can you show me where the digit 5 is?
   • What number have you built?
4. Optional Challenge: Give children bead arrangements and ask them to write the number shown (reverse process).

Video: Read and write the numbers from 100 to 500 – Coming soon

ISL Video: Read and write the numbers from 100 to 500 – Coming soon

Activity 1: We are Abacus

Objective: 
To help children understand and internalize the concept of place value (hundreds, tens, and ones) by physically representing the numbers using their own bodies and tactile markers.

Importance of the activity for children:

Helps in developing:

1. Numerical skills (Number recognition, sequencing, place value)
2. Cognitive skills (Memory, recall, association, visual processing)
3. Gross motor skills (Walking, running)
4. Fine motor skills (Picking, articulating, hand-eye coordination)
5. Social skills (Patience, appreciating others)
6. Emotional skills (Builds confidence in numeracy, promotes a sense of achievement that boosts self-esteem, and encourages pride in learning new skills)

Resources required:

• Hoop rings, floor markers, or cones labelled: Hundreds, Tens, Ones
• Circle cut-outs, ribbons, sashes, or clothespins to act as ‘beads’ (at least 10 of each)
• Number flashcards (ranging from 100 to 500)
• Whistle or clapping rhythm (optional, for transition or cue signal)

Setting for the activity:
The activity can be done indoors or outdoors, depending on space availability.
A large open area is ideal to allow free movement and group participation.

Type of activity: Gross motor and tactile group activity

Preparation of activity:

• Mark three areas on the floor labelled Hundreds, Tens, and Ones using cones, signs, or hoops.
• Set out bead props (e.g., circle tags or ribbons) in each area.
• Prepare number flashcards for demonstration and practice.
• Review number names and place values with children beforehand.

Role of the teacher:

• Demonstrator: Model how children represent each digit in their place value positions.
• Facilitator: Prompt children with guiding questions and encourage participation.
• Observer: Watch for understanding, correct placement, and peer collaboration.
• Supporter: Offer visual or verbal support for children who need help matching quantities.

Procedure:

1. Gather children and explain that they are going to become the beads of a human abacus.
2. Display a number flashcard (e.g., 243).
3. Ask children:
   • ‘How many people do we need in the hundreds place?’ (Answer: 2)
   • ‘How many in the tens? Ones?’
4. Invite the correct number of children to stand in each section, each wearing or holding a ‘bead’ marker.
5. Once the number is built, have the whole class read it aloud: ‘Two hundred forty-three!’
6. Repeat with different numbers, giving all children a turn.
7. Optional: Let children pick a card and call out the number for their peers to build.

Observations:
The teacher observes the children to find

1. If children are able to identify each place value and make correct numbers.
2. If children can self-correct or help peers.

Note to the teacher:
The teacher should ensure participation from all learners, with particular attention to those who benefit from movement-based learning or who find abstract number concepts challenging.

Conclusion:

1. Children will be able to form and read numbers up to 500.
2. End with a group chant or clapping rhythm of a few numbers built during the session to reinforce memory.

Video: We are Abacus – Coming soon

ISL Video: We are Abacus – Coming soon

Activity 2: Draw and Write

Objective: 
To draw an abacus and write the numeral and number name of numbers from 100 to 500.

Importance of the activity for children:

Helps in developing:

1. Numerical skills (Number recognition, sequencing, place value)
2. Fine motor skills (Drawing, writing)
3. Cognitive skills (Forming the number, memory recall)
4. Social skills (Cooperation, waiting for their turn)
5. Emotional skills (Builds confidence in numeracy, promotes a sense of achievement that boosts self-esteem, and encourages pride in learning new skills)

Resources required:

1. Crayons
2. Pencil
3. Notebook
4. Flashcard with numbers

Setting for the activity: 
The activity can be done indoors or outdoors depending on the space availability.

Type of activity: Individual activity

Preparation of activity:
The teacher should ensure the availability of the required materials before the commencement of the activity.

Role of the teacher: Demonstrator and facilitator

Procedure:

1. The teacher will show a flashcard, choosing a number between 100 and 500
2. The teacher will tell all the children to draw an abacus with the beads in each spike with different colours as per the number shown using crayons.

Example:
If the teacher shows a flashcard with the number 476, children will draw an abacus to represent the number.

On the ones place spike, they will draw 6 beads using one colour.
On the tens place spike, they will draw 7 beads using a second colour.
On the hundreds place spike, they will draw 4 beads using a third colour.

This use of colour helps reinforce place value understanding visually and supports differentiation for visual learners.

3. Then the teacher will tell them to write the number name as four hundred and seventy-six.

Observation:
The teacher observes the children to find

1. If children are able to draw the abacus and draw the correct number of beads.
2. If children can self-correct or help peers.
3. If required, the teacher can give necessary guidance to the children.

Suggested variations in the activity:

1. The teacher can start the activity by demonstrating with different numbers.
2. The difficulty level can be increased by showing 208 and 409 number flashcards.

Conclusion:
Children would learn to identify, read, and write numbers and number names from 100 to 500.

Video: Draw and Write – Coming soon

ISL Video: Draw and Write – Coming soon

Assessment

The teacher can give the practice worksheet to children that can be followed by an assessment worksheet.

Practice Worksheet: Form the number and write the number name – Coming Soon

Practice Worksheet: Form the number and write the number name (Enlarged) – Coming Soon

Assessment Worksheet: Form the number and write the number name – Coming Soon

Assessment Worksheet: Form the number and write the number name (Enlarged) – Coming Soon

Cross-Curricular Connection:

• Art Class:
  Children can draw an abacus and use clay or tiny paper balls as beads to form different numbers.
•  Language Class:
  • Teach number songs using numbers up to 500.
  • Give children a number and ask them to speak or write a few sentences incorporating that number (e.g., “I saw 324 birds at the park”).
• Physical Education Class:
  Organise a Number Hunt game where children search for hidden number cards and build them using physical materials (e.g., hoops, cones, or abacus props).

Check list for teacher:

Activity	Yes	No	Sometimes
Children can:
Identify numbers from 100 to 500
Read the numbers from 100 to 500
Count the numbers in each spike of the abacus
Add the beads as per the given number in each spike
Combine the numbers and write the number name and the numeral form of given numbers from 100 to 500
Complete the activities in the given time
Do the activities independently
Express verbally and through actions, expressions, or   gestures
Enjoy teamwork, appreciate others and are willing to learn from others

LTM: DIY Flashcards – Coming soon

LTM: Printable Flashcards – Coming soon

LTM: DIY – How to make an Abacus? – Coming soon

Home Activity

Objective: To read the numbers and match them correctly with the number names.

Fun Activity: Word Wall – Match the numbers with the number names – Coming soon

Adaptations for addressing learner variability: Adaptations and strategies – Coming soon

Teacher Resource Document – Coming Soon

Source and Attribution of images: All images used in the above Assets and Aids are originally created.

This digital material has been developed by the Sri Sathya Sai Vidya Vahini Inclusive Education Project, a unit of Sri Sathya Sai Central Trust, Prasanthi Nilayam, as a collaborative offering in the service of our nation.